First order control system

After reading this topic First order control system, you will understand the theory, the open and close loop transfer function, Pole zero map, examples and block diagram.


In a system whose transfer function having the highest power of s equal to 1 in its denominator, is called the first order control system.

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Thevenin’s Theorem in electric circuits

After reading this Thevenin’s theorem topic of electric or network circuits, you will understand the theory, and also able to apply it in ac and dc circuits numerical problems.


Thevenin’s theorem states that for two terminal network NA containing linear & bidirectional elements and independent sources is equivalent to a simple network containing an independent voltage source VTh (called as Thevenin voltage) in series with the resistance RTh (called as Thevenin resistance). The Thevenin equivalent circuit for network NA shown below in Figure 1.

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Mesh Analysis in Network theory

After reading this Mesh Analysis topic of electric or network circuits, you will understand the theory and also able to apply it in numerical problems.


A mesh is a loop which does not contain any inner loop. Mesh analysis is only applicable to a planar network. A planar network is the one that can be drawn in a plane with no branches crossing one another.

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z parameters / Impedance Parameters / open circuit parameters in two port network

After reading this z parameter in two port network, you will understand the theory, how to determine z parameters, the condition of symmetry & reciprocity and applications.


General theory of z parameters

In two port network, the terminal input and output voltages V1 and V2 can be expressed in terms of the terminal input and output currents I1 and I2.

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AC Supply to Pure Resistor

After reading this AC supply to pure Resistor topic of electric or network circuits, you will understand the theory, waveforms, phasor, formula, & also voltage, current, power calculation.


Voltage and Current Relationship

Let us consider a circuit having resitance R supplied by a ac source voltage $v(t)$ as shown in Figure 1 is

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Admittance Parameters/ y parameters / short circuit parameters in two port network

After reading this y parameter in two port network, you will understand the theory, how to determine y parameters, the condition of symmetry & reciprocity and applications.


General theory of y parameters

In two port network, the terminal input and output voltages V1 and V2 can be expressed in terms of the terminal input and output currents I1 and I2.

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