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Figure 1: Electrochemical Grinding (ECG)
Depending upon the improvement of electrochemical machining process, the electrolytic process is developed. In the electrochemical grinding process, the removal of material takes place by electrochemical deposition (90%) as well as material abrasion (10%).
Figure 1: Water Jet Machining.
The above figure 1 shows the setup of equipment for water jet machining. It consists of a hydraulic pump which is driven by an electric motor of about 30 kW. The pump increases the oil pressure upto 117 bar so that it can operate reciprocating plunger pump also known as intensifier. The intensifier plays a significant role in the process. The water enters the intensifier at 4 bar and leaves with high pressure, about 3800 bar. Also, this device helps to maintain continuous flow of high pressure water. This water is then allowed to flow in an accumulator in order to maintain a uniform discharge pressure and velocity of water.
Figure 1: Deep Drawing.
It is the process of making cup-shaped components from flat sheet metal blanks known as cup or radial drawing. Initially, the blank is heated to plastic state and it is placed over the die as shown in figure 1.
In the resistance welding process, a heavy current is made to flow through the joint to be welded. The resistance of the joint generates I2R loss causing heat which melts the metal joint and causes fusion of the joint.
The working principle of wire EDM is same as that of conventional EDM except that it uses a small diameter wire (about 0.02 – 0.3 mm) as electrode and deionized water as dielectric fluid. A pulsed D.C supply is connected to the ire and the component. The component material is melted due to heat generated from the spark as in case of conventional EDM. In this machining method, a predefined gap between the tool (wire) and the component is maintained with the help of a CNC positioning system. It is mainly used for machining of complicated shaped components.
Figure. 1: Ultrasonic Welding.
The major components of ultrasonic welding are frequency converter and a transducer.
Figure. 1: Atomic Hydrogen Welding.
The atomic hydrogen welding process consists of two tungsten electrodes, hydrogen gas and filler rod, as shown in figure 1. In this process, heat is generated by an alternating current.
Figure. 1: Carbon Arc Welding.
In the Carbon Arc Welding process, the welding is accomplished by heating the workpiece (or job) with an electric arc, produced between the carbon electrode and the workpiece.
Figure 1: Submerged Arc Welding.
Submerged Arc Welding is used for producing long continuous welding (1.5 – 10 mm) in the form continuous wire is used, a bare consumable metal electrode is used, instead of a coated flux.
