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The De Sauty’s bridge is used to measure a capacitance by comparing it with another known/standard capacitance. The circuit has the following components as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1: De Sauty Bridge. C1 = unknown capacitor. whose value is to be found out. C2 = a standard capacitor for comparison R3, R4 = non-inductive … Read more
In the Wein bridge, an inductance is measured by comparison with a standard variable capacitance.
Hay’s Bridge is also used for the measurement of inductance. It uses a standard capacitor in series with a resistance. With this bridge, an inductance having Q greater than 10 can also be measured.
Every inductor has a certain amount of resistance, which is undesirable as it causes a power loss. The ratio of inductive reactance to the resistance of the coil is called quality factor or Q factor of the coil. i.e.
\[\text{Q}=\frac{{{\text{X}}_{\text{L}}}}{\text{R}}=\frac{\omega \text{L}}{\text{R}}\]
Special meters are designed to measure Q-factor correctly. These are called Q meters.
Schering Bridge is the most popularly used bridge for measurement of unknown capacitance and dielectric loss occurring in the capacitor. The circuit diagram of the Schering bridge is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1: Schering Bridge.
Owen’s Bridge bridge is used for measurement of inductance in terms of a standard capacitance. The Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram. The bridge has the following components.
Fig. 1: Owen’s Bridge
Anderson bridge is used to measure inductance in terms of a standard capacitance (C). This method is applicable for precise measurement of inductance over a wide range of values, from micro henry to several henries. The Fig. 1. shows the circuit diagram of the bridge. The circuit has the following components.
Trivector meter is an energy meter, which can accurately measure active energy in MWh, Reactive energy in MVArh, apparent energy in MVAh and maximum demand in MVA. These meters are used for commercial and industrial purposes. These electronic meters use microcontrollers (μC) with their own programming language.
D’Arsonval Galvanometer is the most popular and widely used galvanometer for detection and measurement of currents/voltages.
Fig. 1: D’Arsonval Galvanometer.
The greatest demand of load during a given period is called maximum demand of the consumer. This is given in kW. Note that the load at a consumer’s premises is not the same all the time. It may be zero at one time and may be maximum at another time.